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Native Americans in children's literature
Native Americans have been featured in numerous volumes of children's literature. Some have been authored by non-indigenous writers, while others have been written or contributed to by native authors.
==Children’s literature about American Indians==
There are a great many works of children's literature that feature American Indians. Some are considered classics, such as ''Little House on the Prairie'' by Laura Ingalls Wilder, and some are award winners, such as ''The Matchlock Gun'' by Walter D. Edmonds. These classics, however, contain images of American Indians that are biased, stereotypical, and inaccurate (Reese, 2008).
Numerous studies report the predominance of positive and negative stereotypes and the pervasive tendency to present a monolithic image of American Indians that is largely inaccurate. The majority of the books were written and illustrated by authors who are not themselves Native American, and studies of the ways they portray American Indians indicate they mirror popular culture more than history or reality of any Native tribal nation or group (Caldwell-Wood & Mitten, 1991; Dorris, 1982; Flaste, 1982; Hirschfelder, 1993; MacCann, 1993; Reese 2001; Slapin and Seale, 1982).
Author and illustrator Paul Goble (and the adopted son of Chief Edgar Red Cloud) has written dozens of children's books that retell ancient stories. His book The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses won the Caldecott Medal in 1979. Lakota scholar Elizabeth Cook-Lynn (Cook-Lynn, 1998) and Lakota librarian Doris Seale find his retellings inaccurate. Displeasure in them led the American Indian Library Association to ask the American Library Association to withdraw "Native American Month" posters and bookmarks with his art on them in 2007. ALA complied with the request, signaling the respect accorded to scholars and practitioners who work with Native populations. However, the debate over Goble's work is far from one-sided. Many prominent Native American authors still support his contribution to the field of study. Authors—such as Joe Medicine Crow〔“His () art is tremendous because he is able to recreate the traditional forms with great accuracy and detail. The designs he draws are completely authentic and his colors are the same ones that were used by the old-timers before the reservation days. He is able to recreate the spirit of the old stories with his illustrations and words. The stories he selects are all important and help explain our Indian traditions. When he retells a story he captures the most important parts. He also has the ability to select some of the best writings of our old-timers.” 〕(Absaroka), Vivian Arviso Deloria〔 “I met Paul Goble and deeply appreciate his dedication to recapture Lakota stories. He is quiet and humble in native and he never neglects to give tribute to his native sources and references. It is an appreciation deeply felt for a man () whose work is now the man fine books that are in the hands of young people, both Lakota and non-Lakota. Thank you Paul, for your work all these years to renew our understanding of stories from the Buffalo Days.“ 〕 (Navajo), Joseph Bruchac〔 “Few non-Indians have immersed themselves as deeply in the histories and traditions of the Native nations of the Great Plains as Paul Goble. Through his distinguished career as an artist and a storyteller, he’s always paid close attention to the details that often elude those who try to write about or illustrate Native American stories but lack his knowledge and desire for veracity.” 〕(Abenaki), Lauren Waukau-Villagomez〔 “As a result of his () study and hard work, his stories and illustrations are culturally correct and significant. His depiction of Native Americans is respectful and fair…. His interpretation of Native history and legends has held up over and over for than a generation of readers.” 〕 (Menominee), Robert Lewis〔 “In reading Paul Goble, I am reminded again of the power of stories…. They remain inside of us like dreams that need to be remembered. Paul Goble has found one of these dreams and with poignant words given a new vision of Red Cloud’s War…” 〕 (Cherokee/ Navaho/Apache) and Albert White Hat Sr.〔 “But what I admire most is that he () is the only non-Indian I know who has kept a Lakota flavor in his thought, in his stories. He doesn’t westernize the words and he has not watered down the stories to cater to non-Indians. More than a decade ago I even translated his book, Buffalo Woman, into Lakota so that our Sioux people can hear his storytelling. He tells his stories as if we were sitting around a tipi campfire in the olden-days.” 〕 (Lakota)—have publicly stated their support of Goble bringing traditional Native American stories to the public’s attention, going so far as praising his attention to detail and his use of primary sources.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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